飞机起降前机上广播提醒乘客把手机调整为飞行模式或关机，常出行的人对这项要求一定不陌生。（图／Shutterstock）
新冠疫情降温，各国陆续解封，旅游的人明显增加。搭乘飞机起降前的机上广播内容之一是要求乘客把电子装置切换为飞行模式，很多人会说这是避免电子装置引发航机紧急状况，然而几十年来科技进展甚多，这已非唯一理由。空中交通繁忙，若每一班飞机所有乘客同时上网会让地面网络过载。此外，乘客视频通话也会影响机舱服务与安宁，类似“路怒症”的“空怒”问题更是潜在危险，恐酿棘手状况。
美国有线电视新闻网（CNN）7日报导，飞机起降前机上广播对乘客的提醒，除了系紧安全带，大致有5项：竖直椅背、收妥小桌板、打开遮光板、笔电收到座位上方置物箱、电子装置设为飞行模式。椅背与餐桌归位可让乘客离座动线顺畅；笔电应收进置物箱而非座位前方置物袋，可防乱流等突发状况下抛飞伤人；遮光板全开让机舱有无紧急状况一目了然。至于电子装置切换至飞行模式这一项，这难道无法靠科技解决吗？
飞行过程的导航与通讯仰赖无线电。1920年代起已有能力让无线电受到的干扰降到最低，现今数位技术比60年前旧式类比技术更是先进许多。此前有研究显示电子装置可在航机通讯导航系统使用的同一频宽内发送讯号，会造成电磁干扰。
1992年，美国联邦航空总署（FAA）与波音公司调查机上电子装置使用造成的电磁干扰，结果显示起降关键阶段以外的航程使用个人电脑或电子装置不会造成问题。美国联邦通讯委员会（FCC）也对移动电话、航机导航通讯等不同用途保留专用频宽，以免互扰。各国陆续制定同样政策，欧盟2014年起开放航程使用电子装置。
5G无线网路网速让视讯通话顺畅，但5G频谱十分接近航管专用频谱，美国有机场公司业者曾就此表示忧虑。图为纽约拉瓜迪亚（La Guardia）机场景象。（资料照／美联社）
全球已有通用标准，为何起降过程还是禁用手机？这与地面网络运作大有关系。无线网络由许多基地台交织而成，若飞越上空的各航班乘客个个滑手机上网，无线网络会过载龟速。看大数据可知这不是开玩笑，2021年航空乘客逾22亿旅次，疫情爆发前的2019年旅次比2021年多1倍。
无线电频宽有限，使用的装置数量却持续增加。现行5G网速更快，但5G频谱与航空用频谱非常靠近，航空界不少业者忧心机场附近协助航机降落的飞机导航系统恐受干扰。澳洲、美国的机场公司均曾提出5G网络对航空安全疑虑，但5G在欧盟上线时似乎没有类似声浪。无论如何，飞航安全疑虑解决之前，航空公司继续对机上使用手机设限是明智之举。
除了网络过载，另一个潜在风险是“空中愤怒”（air rage）。驾驶人在路上常因各种情况而大发雷霆是谓“路怒”（road rage），搭机也有类似情况，乘客不遵从安全指示、与空乘或其他乘客口角甚至动粗而引发混乱场面，都是典型的空怒表现。多数航空公司在航程提供免费或收费的上网服务，5G问世后，乘客当然也可能在航程中与亲友客户视频通话。全机满座情况下，通话声可能此起彼落，航程讲电话有可能成为“空怒”另一源头。
乘客在航程使用手机也可能影响服务效率。有空乘表示，等到乘客结束视频通话之后才有办法知道乘客想不想喝饮料或用餐。以一架飞机搭载200多名乘客的情况来看，如果人人用手机通话，机上服务恐怕得花更长的时间方能完成。机上乘客使用手机的情况目前还不至于危害航机运作，但空乘可不想让机舱服务速度变慢，毕竟等候服务的乘客很多。
ref:https://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/airplane-mode-reasons-why/index.html
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cription-url="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/SoJUe7QdpBCb3hILR0kiano16iaw2jiay0IIdoT0H6UVt59TaANjDnrd0qm689Y4IVxAh5OMF00XYPvrrPmVkicl0g/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-copyright="0" data-cropselx1="0" data-cropselx2="146" data-cropsely1="0" data-cropsely2="31" data-oversubscription-url="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/zkMSVtyJheQjPRDEuwicz5sP3145KVNsOebUn4icUwGsXP8vPGjZbcyDXXDDUDZ8iaceEN4BW41oBqHpYwWEUhsVg/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.21296296296296297" data-src="http://www.riyuangf.com/file/upload/202501/13/234828182.jpg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1080" style="border-width: 0px;border-style: initial;border-color: initial;line-height: 25.6px;margin: 0px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 106px !important;" width="146px" />送人玫瑰，手有余香