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刷抖音上瘾？多巴胺制造的快感陷阱正在毁掉你韩冰彬难度：CSE7课程导读你有没有这样的经历，一刷短视频就根本停不下来；一玩游戏就好像控制不住自己，总是一局接着一局；有时候连着追了几十集的剧，到了凌晨还不肯休息。我们的欲望就像一个无底洞，直到身体被掏空。如果你曾有过上述表现，不妨停下来问问自己，我是不是手机上瘾了？如果这种情况发生了，我们该如何应对？手机上瘾背后的生理机制又是怎么样的呢？一起来听今天的讲解。本文封面图片来自Fortinberry Murray，如有版权问题，请联系删除。本篇课程首发于2021年8月19日Digital Addictions Are Drowning Us in Dopamine 电子设备成瘾使我们沉溺于多巴胺中By Anna LembkeOver the course of my career as a psychiatrist, I have seen more and more patients who suffer from depression and anxiety. Their problem isn't trauma, social dislocation or poverty. It's too much dopamine, a chemical produced in the brain associated with feelings of pleasure and reward.作为一名精神病医生，在我的职业生涯中，我看到越来越多的病人身受抑郁症和焦虑症的困扰。他们的问题不是因为精神创伤、社会脱位或贫困，而是因为多巴胺过量，这是一种产生于大脑之中，和人体愉悦感、回报感有关的化学物质。When we do something we enjoy, the brain releases a little bit of dopamine and we feel good. But one of the most important discoveries in the field of neuroscience in the past 75 years is that pleasure and pain are processed in the same parts of the brain and that the brain tries hard to keep them in balance. Whenever it tips in one direction it will try hard to restore the balance by tipping in the other.当我们做自己享受的事情时，大脑会释放少量的多巴胺，于是我们感到快乐。但过去75年神经科学领域最重要的发现之一，就是大脑中处理愉悦和痛苦的区域是相同的，而且大脑努力使二者保持平衡。当我们的情绪向一边倾斜时，大脑会通过倾向另一种情绪，竭力恢复二者的平衡。Our brains evolved this fine-tuned balance over millions of years in which pleasures were scarce and dangers ever-present. The problem today is that we no longer live in that world. Instead, we now live in a world of overwhelming abundance. The quantity, variety and potency of highly reinforcing drugs and behaviors has never been greater. 我们的大脑在数百万年的时光里进化出了这种微妙的平衡。那时，快乐是稀缺的，而危险无处不在。如今的问题在于，我们不再生活在那个世界了。相反，我们生活在一个物质过剩的世界， 从未有过如此数量庞大、种类繁多、效力强劲、能令人轻易上瘾的事物，包括一些药物以及上瘾性的行为。Yet despite increased access to all of these feel-good drugs, we're more miserable than ever before. Rates of depression, anxiety and suicide are increasing all over the world, especially in rich nations.然而，尽管现在更容易获取那些让我们感觉良好的事物，我们却比以往任何时候都更悲惨。抑郁症，焦虑症和自杀发生的概率在世界范围内都有所提升，尤其在一些富有的国家。Just about all of us have a digital drug of choice, and it probably involves using a smartphone. Reducing phone use is notoriously difficult. But if we can keep it up long enough, the benefits of a healthier dopamine balance are worth it. Our minds are less preoccupied with craving, we are more able to be present in the moment, and life's little unexpected joys are rewarding again.我们几乎所有人都对某种电子产品感到痴迷，其中很有可能包括智能手机。众所周知，少用手机非常困难。但如果我们能够坚持足够长的时间，一个更为健康、平衡的多巴胺水平所带来的益处是值得的。我们的头脑将不再被渴望占据，我们更能活在当下，生活中那些意想不到的小确幸也会再次让我们的内心丰盈起来。生词好句1.digital英 [ˈdɪdʒɪtl]美 [ˈdɪdʒɪtl]adj. 数据的；电子的2.addiction英 [əˈdɪkʃn]美 [əˈdɪkʃn]n. 上瘾表达"......瘾"的方法：前面加名词或形容词作定语，或者后面加上介词todrug addiction 相当于addiction to drugs 毒瘾addiction本身作为抽象名词是不可数的，但当它指代的是某一种瘾的种类时是可数的。（类似于形容各种各样的鱼类时，用different kinds of fishes而不是fish）3.drown英 [draʊn]美 [draʊn]v. 淹死，溺死；（引申义）沉溺be drowned in something （某人）沉迷于某事注意：它是中性词，既可以表示陷在某件事情里，上了瘾不能自拔。例如：